一、怎么考
�。�1)大綱規(guī)定
在一篇長度約500詞的文章前有6個概括句或小標(biāo)題。這些標(biāo)題分別是對文章某一部分的概括。要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，從這6個選項(xiàng)中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?個標(biāo)題填入文章的空白處。
�。�2)命題形式
該題型一般是一篇有七個段落的文章，除首末兩段外，其余五個段落每段前都有一個空格，要求考生從選項(xiàng)中選出可以概括這個段落的句子或短語，充當(dāng)這個段落的小標(biāo)題。選項(xiàng)共有五個，多余的一個也是和某個段落內(nèi)容有關(guān)，但并不一定是這個段落的概括，可能只是其中一部分的概括，這點(diǎn)要引起注意。
二、怎么學(xué)
�。�1)以綱為準(zhǔn)，依題定法：認(rèn)真閱讀2006年考試大綱和考試分析里有關(guān)本題型的相關(guān)規(guī)定，仔細(xì)分析、反復(fù)研究考試分析里的樣題，從樣題的分析中去尋找和探究命題者的心態(tài)，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)解答此類題型的方法。
考試分析中指出，該題型考查的是考生把握主旨大意，進(jìn)行概括總結(jié)的能力。如樣題所示，該題型要求考生為文章中的若干段落選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)男?biāo)題。其實(shí)，就是要求考生選出最能概括段落主題或要點(diǎn)的標(biāo)題。
從考試分析中可以看出，這個題型的目的在于檢測考生的歸納能力。其實(shí)這種能力的練習(xí)我們已經(jīng)做過許多，最典型的就是中學(xué)語文課文中的概括每段大意練習(xí)；還有就是我們平常做閱讀理解時碰到的某個段落說明了什么這種練習(xí)。因此，這種概括能力我們每個人都有，這種練習(xí)也不陌生。不同的就是現(xiàn)在面對的是一些英語文章，而且大意都已給出，只是要求與各段相配。雖然語言不同，但是做法是相同的，就是通讀文章的每一段，分析清楚重點(diǎn)說的是什么，然后對之進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，再和選項(xiàng)配對。
考試的樣題分析也是這樣進(jìn)行的，首先通讀全文，明晰文中講了幾個主體意思。然后再細(xì)看每個段落，每個段落分別說明了一個方面，將這個方面的大意概括出來。最后再看選項(xiàng)，將選項(xiàng)與概括出的大意相對照，選出一致的答案�；痉椒ň褪沁@樣。
（2)大量練習(xí)，掌握規(guī)律：主旨題，實(shí)際上就是根據(jù)文章中已經(jīng)給出的論據(jù)去從選項(xiàng)中去尋找支持該論據(jù)的論點(diǎn)。這樣的題型，就是要掌握一定的方法，也就是提煉、概括的方法，然后做大量練習(xí)，逐漸掌握規(guī)律。
二、怎么解
�。�1)解題步驟
A.看選項(xiàng)，從選項(xiàng)中就可以推斷出相關(guān)段落大致的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于什么的。
B.讀所考段落，抓住每段主題句和核心詞匯。正確答案常常是主題句的改寫。
C.將從段落中提煉出的主題句和選項(xiàng)相對照，選出答案。
�。�2)解題技巧
A.“重點(diǎn)詞原則”：閱讀整個段落，將段落中的重點(diǎn)詞句找出，重點(diǎn)詞句主要是指：
a.反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞
b.括號里的詞
c.引號里的詞
B.“干擾排除原則”：段落中未展開詳細(xì)例證說明的選項(xiàng)往往是干擾選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)該予以排除；
C.“排除原則”：某段話的答案確定后，將該選項(xiàng)劃去，以防止影響其他題目的作答。
三、大綱樣題
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about plagiarism in the academic community. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph（41-45)。The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points)
[A]What to do as a student？
[B]Various definitions of plagiarism
[C]Ideas should always be sourced.
[D]Ignorance can be forgiven.
[E]Plagiarism is equivalent to theft.
[F]The consequences of plagiarism
Scholars，writers and teachers in the modern academic community have strong feelings about acknowledging the use of another person.s ideas. In the English-speaking world，the term plagiarism is used to label the practice of not giving credit for the source of one‘s ideas. Simply stated，plagiarism is“the wrongful appropriation or purloinning，and publication as one’s own of the ideas，or the expression of ideas of another.”
41. The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities，the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university. In the literary world，where writers are protected from plagiarism by international copyright laws，the penalty may range from a small fine to imprisonment and a ruined career. Protection of scholars and writers，through the copyright laws and through the social pressures of the academic and literary communities，is a relatively recent concept. Such social pressures and copyright laws require writers to give scrupulous attention to documentation of their sources.
42. Students，as inexperienced scholars themselves，must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars‘ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words，otherwise dire consequentces may occur. There are at least three classifications of plagiarism as it is revealed in students’inexactness in identifying sources properly. They are plagiarism by accident，by ignorance，and by intention.
43. Plagiarism by accident，or oversight，sometimes is the result of the writer‘s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago，heard it in a lecture since forgotten，or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. He may also have difficulty in deciding whether the idea is such common knowledge that no reference to the original source is needed. Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against，it is the least serious and，if lessons learned，can be exempt from being severely punished.
44. Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking，quoting，footnoting，listing bibliography——are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references. Although there is no copyright in news，or in ideas，only in the expression of them，the writer cannot plead ignorance when his sources for ideas are challenged.
45. The most serious kind of academic thievery is plagiarism by intention. The writer，limited by his laziness and dullness，copies the thoughts and language of others and claims them for his own. He not only steals，he tries to deceive the reader into believing the ideas are original. Such words as immoral，dishonest，offensive，and despicable are used to describe the practice of plagiarism by intention.
The opposite of plagiarism is acknowledgement. All mature and trustworthy writers make use of the ideas of others but they are careful to acknowledge their indebtedness to their sources. Students，as developing scholars，writers，teachers，and professional leaders，should recognize and assume their responsibility to document all sources from which language and thoughts are borrowed. Other members of the profession will not only respect the scholarship，they will admire the humility and honesty.
[試題分析]
首先，通讀全文，了解大意。這篇文章是關(guān)于抄襲的，介紹了抄襲的形式，以及如何合理引用、避免抄襲的建議。
然后，再具體看每段文章各自說明的重點(diǎn)。文章第1段是解釋抄襲是怎么回事。第2段的第一句話已經(jīng)暗示了41題的答案，“The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation.”中penalties是plagiarism的結(jié)果，而在6個選項(xiàng)中，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的The consequences of plagiarism（抄襲的后果)剛好與penalties相對應(yīng)。第3段又說到，學(xué)生們應(yīng)該避免抄襲，而造成抄襲又可以分為3種情況：偶然、無知和故意。這段主要將抄襲限制在學(xué)生身上，選項(xiàng)中A提到了學(xué)生，與這段內(nèi)容一致。接下來的三段是對學(xué)生三種抄襲情況的進(jìn)一步說明。第4段是關(guān)于偶然因疏忽抄襲的，提到原因是不知道出處，并且提到這種抄襲是最不惡劣的，選項(xiàng)C是說出處問題，D是說這種忽視可以諒解，是關(guān)于懲罰的，似乎兩個選項(xiàng)都有關(guān)系。再看第5段，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是作者都應(yīng)該學(xué)會標(biāo)注引用的來源，如果沒有標(biāo)注，免不了要受到抨擊。因此選項(xiàng)C最能體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)，最為切合。那么利用排除法，43題選A.再看43題所處段落中說，這種抄襲的情況是最輕的一種，是可以饒恕的，所以D選項(xiàng)最貼切。
