35.【答案】D
【解析】從整體上看,作者不僅提到了希望獲得基因?qū)@纳锟萍籍a(chǎn)業(yè)為此所作出的努力,同時(shí)也提到了反對者反對的理由,文章第四段進(jìn)一步提到了基因獲得專利過程中遇到的實(shí)際問題。故而,作者多基因?qū)I(yè)的態(tài)度是客觀的,即答案D。
Text 4
36.【答案】D
【解析】題目定位在段首句。所以應(yīng)該是整段意思的概括。第二句說,失業(yè)雖然很痛苦,但也從很多方面帶來好處。冒號后面具體說他們從觀念上,生活方式上發(fā)生了改變。所以選擇D。A、B均為無關(guān)選項(xiàng),C選項(xiàng)中說makeprofit,是側(cè)重指獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,所以與原文不符。
37.【答案】D
【解析】第二句冒號后面:他們不再那么追求物質(zhì),經(jīng)濟(jì)上更節(jié)儉;同時(shí)意識到其他人在努力奮斗,即D選項(xiàng)中reconsidertheir lifestyle,重新審視他們的生活方式。A項(xiàng)有干擾性,但文中說“將我們從夢想中喚醒”,所以不對。B、C沒有提到。
38.【答案】B
【解析】定位在第三段第二句開始。 接下來一句通過關(guān)鍵詞mean-spiritedand less inclusive ,B選項(xiàng)正是該句的改寫,故為正確答案;A屬于過度推理;C、D意思明顯弄反了
39.【答案】D
【解析】定位在第四段第三句冒號后面:高等學(xué)府的畢業(yè)生能夠很快調(diào)整自身,達(dá)到未遭遇危機(jī)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。D選項(xiàng)與之含義相符。C明顯不對,“notall people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed”表明,不是所有的畢業(yè)生都認(rèn)為前途渺茫。B項(xiàng)無中生有。A與原文相反。
40.【答案】A
【解析】由最后一句可知,“they certainly will reshape it”表示困難時(shí)期的一定會(huì)對社會(huì)產(chǎn)生影響的,所以certain與之相符。由最后一段無法看出是positive還是destructive,所以B、D均不正確。A項(xiàng)是“無足輕重的”,明顯不對。
Part B
41.【答案】A
【解析】本題答案鎖定在第三自然段,第二行講到“Petrarchbegan...highlighting the virtue of classical heroes” 即彼特拉克在他的書中強(qiáng)調(diào)古典英雄的美德。答案A與此是完全對應(yīng)的。
42.【答案】D
【解析】此題定位于第三自然段第五行,重點(diǎn)理解詞組“turn on its head” ,意思為“to change sthcompletely”,所以說尼可洛,馬基雅維利的觀點(diǎn)與彼特拉克的觀點(diǎn)是相反的,開啟了了解歷史偉人的新局面。
43.【答案】G
【解析】此題定位于第四自然段的第四行,“Self-help as acatalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers”, 塞繆爾·斯邁爾斯在他的書《成事在己》里面講到了工程師,實(shí)業(yè)家,探險(xiǎn)家的有意義的生活,G與此是對應(yīng)的
44.【答案】C
【解析】此題定位于第五自然段第三行,“these epochal figuresrepresented lives hard to imitate”,托馬斯,卡萊爾描述了一些穿越苦難的劃時(shí)代的人物。C對應(yīng)了此答案。
45.【答案】E
【解析】此題定位于第六自然段第五行,“history should be thestory of the masses and their record of struggle”,答案E與此句是完全對應(yīng)的。
Section III Translation
46.【參考譯文】發(fā)展中國家的人們?yōu)橐泼駪n慮時(shí),他們通常擔(dān)憂的是離開自己國家去去硅谷或發(fā)達(dá)國家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)的最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的群體的前景。這些勞動(dòng)者正是像英國、加拿大、澳大利亞這樣的國家通過賦予受過大學(xué)教育者以特權(quán)的移民法想要吸引的人群。
很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),來自發(fā)展中國家的那些受到良好教育的人們極有可能選擇移居他國。2004年對印度家庭開展了一項(xiàng)廣泛的調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示約40%的移民受過高中以上的教育。相比而言,在所有年齡超過25歲的印度人中,受過高中以上教育的人數(shù)比例只有約3.3%。“人才流失”一直困擾著貧窮國家的政策制定者們。他們擔(dān)心這會(huì)對本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)造成損害,造成國家急需的技工的流失。這些技術(shù)人員可能曾在他們的大學(xué)教學(xué),也可能曾在他們的醫(yī)院工作,或者曾經(jīng)構(gòu)想出智能化的新產(chǎn)品讓他們的工廠去生產(chǎn)。
【解析】今年翻譯話題是貧窮國家的人才流失問題,話題內(nèi)容比較好理解,從而在很大程度上降低了翻譯的難度。但還是有幾個(gè)地方有的同學(xué)可能會(huì)比較困惑。
1)文章第一句的主句需要我們?nèi)フJ(rèn)真思考下。“they are usually concerned at the prospectof their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in thedeveloped world”
這句話中concern at 的賓語是prospect?吹健皁f”我們要立即想到“A of B”翻譯為“B的A”在這里,A指的就是“prospect”,關(guān)鍵就是找出B指代的是什么。而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是本句理解的難點(diǎn)B指的是 “theirbest and brightest”翻譯為 “他們中最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的(群體)”。
2)
第一段第二句話關(guān)鍵在于對兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句的理解。第一個(gè)that從句作定語修飾workers,第二個(gè)that作定語修飾rules。這里是考研英語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)考點(diǎn):從句的嵌套。對于這樣的句子我們的關(guān)鍵在于準(zhǔn)確找到先行詞,根據(jù)一個(gè)句子如果有N個(gè)連詞就必定有N+1個(gè)動(dòng)詞的原則來切分開長句。
3)“brain drain” 這個(gè)詞組是在報(bào)刊雜志中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的,意思是“人才流失”。這個(gè)詞語通過上下文邏輯應(yīng)該能大概猜出它的意思,但是在考研考場上,尤其是在完成了閱讀和作文后很多同學(xué)可能已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)了大量的體力和腦力,對于這個(gè)單詞的猜測可能會(huì)很費(fèi)力,甚至?xí)艞。這個(gè)說明我們再平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)該注意積累這樣的熱點(diǎn)詞匯。
4)“They fear that ithurts their economies, deprivingthem of much-needed skilledworkers who”
對于這個(gè)句子的理解關(guān)鍵在于對于“depriving”之后成分在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剝奪,在這里很顯然不適合直譯。我們根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可以翻譯為“技工的流失”!癱lever”這個(gè)單詞很簡單,同學(xué)們都認(rèn)識,在這里翻譯為“聰明的”很顯然說不通,clever除了“聰明的”還有“精巧”之意,再結(jié)合這里說的是技術(shù)工人的重要性,我們可以翻譯為“智能的”
Section IV Writing
47.小作文
【參考范文】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing this letter to make acomplaint about the quality of the electronic dictionary I bought from yourstore the other day。
The reason for my dissatisfaction is that Ifound the electronic dictionary can’t reach my satisfaction. In the firstplace, the outlook is quite different from what it is placed online. Inaddition, the number of the vocabulary contained in it is too small. I’d liketo buy an electronic dictionary with a large vocabulary。
I appreciate it very much if you couldchange another satisfying one for me. And I would like to have this mattersettled by next Friday. Thank you for your consideration and I will be lookingforward to your favorable reply。
Yourssincerely,
Zhang Wei
48.大作文
【參考范文】
Here demonstrates a table with regard to thedegree of satisfaction on work of staff in a company ranging from threedifferent age groups, under 40, 40 to 50, and above 50 respectively.Specifically speaking, people in their forties are least satisfied with theirpresent work situation at the rate of 64.0%. In comparison, people over 50 aremost satisfied with their current situation at 40.0%. A noticeable figure isthat half the staff under the age of 40 have no idea about their conditions。
There prove to be a number of reasonsaccounting for it. First and foremost, it has something to do with thestructure of staff’s age, especially with their working and life experience inwhich they play a pivotal role. What is more, this social issue is likely to beintertwined with the organization of the company where they serve。
In line with my personal thinking, thereare two major factors that should be taken into account seriously. On one hand,the general people concerned should enhance their awareness in this respect. Whatis more, the relevant company should increase the benefits for their employees.Only if these measures are adopted effectively can people work in peace andcontent and companies benefit most。