2016年度全國研究生招生考試英語（二)真題及答案詳細解析
Section 1 Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Happy people work differently. They’re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firm’s work, too.
Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper.__2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and development). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making investments for the future.
The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities’ average happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
__7__enough, firms’ investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.But is it really happiness that’s linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researchers controlled for various__10__that might make firms more likely to invest – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to live in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and investment generally__12__even after accounting for these things.
The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “l(fā)ess codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
__17__ this doesn’t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least__18__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executives think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and__20__R&D more than the average,” said one researcher.
1. [A] why [B] where [C] how [D] when
2. [A] In return [B] In particular [C] In contrast [D] In conclusion
3. [A] sufficient [B] famous [C] perfect [D] necessary
4. [A] individualism [B] modernism [C] optimism [D] realism
5. [A] echo [B] miss [C] spoil [D] change
6. [A] imagined [B] measured [C] invented [D] assumed
7. [A] Sure [B] Odd [C] Unfortunate [D] Often
8. [A] advertised [B] divided [C] overtaxed [D] headquartered
9. [A] explain [B] overstate [C] summarize [D] emphasize
10. [A] stages [B] factors [C] levels [D] methods
11. [A] desirable [B] sociable [C] reputable [D] reliable
12. [A] resumed [B] held [C]emerged [D] broke
13. [A] attribute [B] assign [C] transfer [D]compare
14. [A] serious [B] civilized [C] ambitious [D]experienced
15. [A] thus [B] instead [C] also [D] never
16. [A] rapidly [B] regularly [C] directly [D] equally
17. [A] After [B] Until [C] While [D] Since
18. [A] arrives [B] jumps [C] hints [D] strikes
19. [A] shape [B] rediscover [C] simplify [D] share 20. [A] pray for [B] lean towards [C] give away [D] send out
1.[標準答案][C]how
[考點分析]連詞辨析
[選項分析]根據(jù)語境，"新發(fā)現(xiàn)表明：快樂可能會影響工作__的穩(wěn)定。"[A]為什么[B]哪里[C]怎樣，多么[D]當…時候。根據(jù)語義分析，C選項填入原文，譯為"快樂可能會影響工作是有多么穩(wěn)定"，C為正確選項。
2.[標準答案][B]In particular
[考點分析]上下文語義以及短語辨析
[選項分析][A]反過來[B]尤其是[C]相反[D]總的來說根據(jù)前文語境，第二段第一句譯為"根據(jù)近期的研究，擁有更多快樂的人的公司會投資更多"。而第二句"_______那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。"第二句是在第一句的基礎上進一步強調說明，因此B選項更符合語境要求。
3.[標準答案][D]necessary
[考點分析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]充足的[B]著名的[C]完美的[D]必要的首先，根據(jù)本句題干"That's because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future."譯為"因為快樂與對未來投資有______長遠考慮相聯(lián)系。"要求填寫形容詞,我們要考慮其搭配與其修飾成分�？崭裉幋钆浣樵~for,并且修飾"長遠考慮"。因此D選項最符合語境要求。
4.[標準答案][C]optimism
[考點分析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]個人主義[B]現(xiàn)代主義[C]樂觀主義[D]現(xiàn)實主義本題考查同后綴的名詞辨析。根據(jù)原文主旨，探討"happy people"與公司的關系。那么，衡量四個選項，只有C選項符合主旨要求。
5.[標準答案][D]change
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]發(fā)出回聲[B]想念，錯過[C]破壞[D]改變根據(jù)原文語境，"would 5 the way companies invested."本題考查動賓搭配醫(yī)學.全.在.線m.payment-defi.com，賓語為"公司投資的方式"只有D選項搭配最為合理。
6．[標準答案][B]measured
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]想象[B]衡量，測量[C]發(fā)明[D]假定，設想"So they compared U.S. cities' average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas."譯為"他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所_____的美國城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進行對比。"根據(jù)原文語境，蓋洛普咨詢公司所做的應該是一個"既定事實"所以排除ACD。因此，B選項為最佳選項。
7.[標準答案][A]Sure
[考點分析]上下文語義及固定搭配
[選項分析][A]確信的[B]奇怪的[C]不幸運的[D]經(jīng)常的本題為固定搭配"sure enough"譯為"足以肯定的是，"
8．[標準答案][D]headquartered
[考點分析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]廣告的[B]劃分的[C]課稅過重的[D]位于總部的根據(jù)原文"firms’investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8 . "譯為"足以肯定的是，公司投資與研發(fā)力度與公司______的幸福指數(shù)相關。"inwhich引導表示地點的定語從句，先行詞為area.對比四個選項，ABC不足以說明此地點的真實含義。因此，D選項，搭配前文area,構成"總部所在地"最為合理。
9．[標準答案][A]explain
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]解釋[B]夸大[C]概述[D]重點強調根據(jù)原文"…or ould something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D?"A選項"explain"常和后文"why"搭配使用。
10．[標準答案][B]factors
[考點分析]上下文語義及名詞詞義辨析
[選項分析][A]階段[B]因素[C]等級[D]方法根據(jù)原文語境"To find out, the researchers controlled for various 10 that might make firms more likely to invest –like size, industry, and sales…"本題中，破折號后面"大小，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售"這些都是"讓公司有更多投資的"因素。因此，B選項最符合原文語境。
11．[標準答案][A]desirable
[考點分析]上下文語義和形容詞
[選項分析]該空填的是形容詞，用來修飾前面的名詞place,并且在意義上也是對后面like growth in wages or population的解釋，可以看出來應該是填褒義詞，并且能修飾place.所以只有[A]desirable合適的符合文章。[B]social社交的[C]reputable受尊敬的[D]reliable可依靠的。
12.[標準答案][B]held
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]該句算是這一段的總結句，該段整體在描述幸福與投資之間的關系，而這一link就只能得出了，只有[B]held"得出"符合語境。Aresumed"重新開始"，Cemerge"浮現(xiàn)"，Dbroke"破壞"。
13．[標準答案][A]attribute
[考點分析]上下文邏輯關系以及動詞詞組辨析
[選項分析]該空是一個which引導的定語從句的謂語動詞所在地，動詞的賓語就是前面的主句，強調"幸福與投資之間的關系尤其適用于新公司"這一結論與后面"所做決定會偏草率"之間的關系，能看出是一個因果關系，因此答案選擇[A]attribute與to搭配表示"歸因于……"，而[B]assignto表示"指派"[C]transferto"轉移到"[D]compareto"與……比較"均不符合題意。
14．[標準答案][D]experienced
[考點分析]上下文語義及形容詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]此處很簡單，前面有一個并列連詞and,與前面的young一致修飾managers,強調新公司的領導年輕并缺乏經(jīng)驗，只有[D]experienced最合適。
15.[標準答案][C]also
[考點分析]上下文邏輯關系以及副詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]前面說到了"年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時更容易受情緒影響。"與后面的"這種關系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。"之間很明顯是一種遞進關系，所以只有[C]also合適。
"
16.[標準答案][D]equally
[考點分析]上下文語義及副詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]這題是考察副詞修飾spread,但是更要注意的是該句"這種關系在員工幸福指數(shù)_____的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。"中該空與后面的inequality形成復現(xiàn)關系，所以很容易判斷出答案選擇[D]equally。
17.[標準答案][C]while
[考點分析]上下文邏輯關系
[選項分析]該題是典型的考察上下文邏輯關系的題目，因此著力點應該放在上一段和這一段之間的關系。這一段第一句明確說出"這并不證明是幸福導致公司大量投資……"，所以兩句話之間是一個轉折關系，選擇while。
18.[標準答案][C]hints
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]該題可以看出是考察動詞與at的固定搭配，arrive at是"到達，抵達"，jump at是"撲向；欣然接受"hint at是"暗示"strike at是"襲擊，攻擊"，文章中的at least和that possibility論證了這是一種可能，只有hint at有這層含義。
19.[標準答案][A]shape
[考點分析]上下文語義及動詞詞義辨析
[選項分析]根據(jù)上下文應該選一個"影響"未來看法含義的動詞，[B]是"再發(fā)現(xiàn)"[C]是"使簡化，使單純"[D]是"分享"所以可以均可以排除，A是"塑造，形成，影響"，所以A項是最佳答案。
20.[標準答案][B]lean towards
[選項分析]上下文語義及動詞詞組詞義辨析
[考點分析]本空考察動詞詞組，且該詞組詞義應與and前面意思保持一致，且作用對象為研發(fā)。[A]pray for祈禱[B]lean towards傾向[C]give away放棄，泄露[D]send out放出，給予。只有[B]選項能表達一種遞進含義。
【全文翻譯】
快樂的人工作起來會有不同。他們更多產(chǎn)，更有創(chuàng)造力，也更愿意去冒險。近期的一項研究表明快樂也可能會影響公司的工作。
根據(jù)近期的研究報告，在各地的公司里，擁有更多快樂的員工會投入的更多。尤其是那些在快樂氛圍中的公司會做更多的研發(fā)以及發(fā)展。因為快樂與對未來投資有必要的長遠考慮相聯(lián)系。這是因為對未來進行投資需要作出長遠決策，而這種決策與快樂相關。
研究者希望了解樂觀精神和隨快樂而來的冒險精神是否會改變公司投資的方式。因此，他們把蓋洛普咨詢公司所評估出的美國城市平均幸福指數(shù)與該地區(qū)的上市公司投資活躍度進行對比。
足以肯定的是，公司投資和研發(fā)力度與公司總部所在地的幸福指數(shù)相關。但是幸福真的與投資相關嗎？或者說幸福指數(shù)更高的城市的其他方面能夠說明公司為何加大研發(fā)投入。為了弄清這一點，研究者掌握了多種可能促使公司投資的因素，例如規(guī)模，產(chǎn)業(yè)，銷售，也掌握了各種指標，如適宜居住地，工資漲幅及人口變化。了解這些問題后，幸福與投資的關系就能夠輕松得出了。
幸福與投資之間的關系尤其適用于新公司，這是因為新公司所做決定會偏草率，而且年輕的新經(jīng)理決策時更容易受情緒影響。同樣，這種關系在員工幸福指數(shù)相同的公司尤為明顯。公司似乎樂于投資那些相對快樂的員工所在的部門，而不是那些不快樂的部門。
然而這并不證明是幸福導致公司大量投資，或者從長遠的角度來講，研究人員認為至少它預示著這種可能性。不難想象，本地文化以及情感有助于影響高管對于未來的看法。"快樂的人比普通人有預見性、創(chuàng)造力、更善于研發(fā)這種說法似乎更可信。"一位研究者說。
